Image-based genome-wide siRNA screen identifies selective autophagy factors

Selective autophagy involves the recognition and targeting of specific cargo, such as damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, or invading pathogens for lysosomal destruction. Yeast genetic screens have identified proteins required for different forms of selective autophagy, including cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting, pexophagy and mitophagy, and mammalian genetic screens have identified proteins required for autophagy regulation. However, there have been no systematic approaches to identify molecular determinants of selective autophagy in mammalian cells. Here, to identify mammalian genes required for selective autophagy, we performed a high-content, image-based, genome-wide small interfering RNA screen to detect genes required for the colocalization of Sindbis virus capsid protein with autophagolysosomes. We identified 141 candidate genes required for viral autophagy, which were enriched for cellular pathways related to messenger RNA processing, interferon signalling, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal motor function and metabolism. Ninety-six of these genes were also required for Parkin-mediated mitophagy, indicating that common molecular determinants may be involved in autophagic targeting of viral nucleocapsids and autophagic targeting of damaged mitochondria. Murine embryonic fibroblasts lacking one of these gene products, the C2-domain containing protein, SMURF1, are deficient in the autophagosomal targeting of Sindbis and herpes simplex viruses and in the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Moreover, SMURF1-deficient mice accumulate damaged mitochondria in the heart, brain and liver. Thus, our study identifies candidate determinants of selective autophagy, and defines SMURF1 as a newly recognized mediator of both viral autophagy and mitophagy.     

Kinanthropometry Study of the Physique of Hong Kong and the Interior of China Correctional Services Recruits

In this paper,the physique of the Hong Kong Correc-tional Services recruits were identified and reported.Kinanthropometry has been applied in the study of Olympic athletes and researchers concluded that specificsports were correlated with a specific type of physique.Athletes involved in the same sports have a similar phys-ique as well as body shape.Gold medal winners could beidentified by their specific type of body shape.And ath-letes in different sport have different and specific bodyshape.Hence,by applying kinanthropometry study,people in different occupations could be identified by their specific body shape and physique.The finalisedbody shape can be used as reference in the vetting stan-dards.The somatotyping and anthropometric input canbe used to improve the uniform sizing system.